Gravitational lensing is the bending of light by massive objects, which can act as cosmic lenses, distorting and magnifying distant objects
Cosmic inflation is a theory describing the rapid expansion of the universe in its first moments, explaining its large-scale structure
Dark energy is an enigmatic force driving the accelerated expansion of the universe, counteracting gravity's pull
Dark matter is a mysterious, invisible substance that makes up a significant portion of the universe's mass but doesn't interact with light
